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Critical Elements

Extraction through mining technological innovation and from recycling waste electric and electronic material.

Mining Exploration for Critical Minerals and role of Geophysics

As known the definition of a “critical mineral” is itself context dependent minerals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite each are essential to the development of modern, high-efficiency lithium-ion batteries, and any disruptions to these minerals that ultimately impacts the future of this now-pervasive, and increasingly necessary, energy storage technology.

Similarly, rare earth elements (REEs) have long been central to the manufacture of permanent magnets, which themselves are key components of wind turbines and electric vehicles.